Mitochondria-Derived Peptide
What is MOTS-c?
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondria-derived peptide encoded within the 12S ribosomal RNA gene. It acts as a novel mitochondrial signalling molecule that regulates metabolic processes and is the subject of active research in ageing and metabolic disease.
Mechanism of Action
MOTS-c activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a central cellular energy sensor, and influences glucose uptake and utilisation in skeletal muscle. Research indicates it modulates the folate cycle and methionine metabolism, pathways critical to cellular energy homeostasis.
Research Applications
Preclinical and early human studies have investigated MOTS-c in the context of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and exercise performance. In animal models, it has demonstrated the ability to improve insulin sensitivity and reverse diet-induced obesity, independent of dietary changes.
Ageing Research
Circulating MOTS-c levels decline with age. Research suggests a potential role in healthy ageing, physical performance preservation, and protection against age-related metabolic decline. It is considered a mitokine — a mitochondria-derived hormone-like factor that acts systemically.
Storage & Handling
Lyophilised MOTS-c should be stored at −20°C for long-term stability, or at 2–8°C for short-term use. Protect from freeze-thaw cycles once reconstituted.
Research Disclaimer: MOTS-c is a research peptide. It has not been approved by any regulatory authority for human therapeutic use. This article is for scientific and educational purposes only.